An AV fistula (Arteriovenous fistula) is a surgical connection made between an artery and a vein, commonly in the arm. It is most often created for patients undergoing long-term dialysis for kidney failure. The connection increases blood flow through the vein, making it stronger and easier to access for dialysis.
The following factors may increase the risk of complications or failure of an AV fistula:
Diabetes
High blood pressure (Hypertension)
Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
Smoking
Advanced age
Poor vein or artery quality
AV fistulas are generally surgically created by vascular surgeons like Dr. Yashpal Singh to facilitate hemodialysis. However, rarely, an AV fistula may form due to:
Trauma or injury (penetrating wounds)
Congenital conditions (present from birth)
Certain medical procedures (like catheter insertions)
When an AV fistula occurs naturally or is not functioning well, it may lead to symptoms such as:
Noticeable swelling near the site
A whooshing sound or vibration (thrill) over the fistula
Pain or discomfort
Warmth over the area
In rare cases, symptoms of heart strain (due to increased blood flow)
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